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The Rules of Professional Conduct 2007 and the Reality of the Legal Profession by Halimah Ummi Ismail

The Rules of Professional Conduct 2007 and the Reality of the Legal Profession.


Introduction
The legal profession like every other profession has it ethics and code of conduct guiding members of the profession. In order to maintain the standard, values, and integrity of the legal profession, the ethics of the legal profession in different regions places high professional standards for lawyers to abide by in discharging their professional duties, and day to day interactions with members of the society.
The legal profession is a profession for the diligent, those with integrity and good virtues, those who can discharge their professional responsibilities as required. Thus, the Supreme Court in the case of N.B.A vs Ohioma (2010) 14. N.W.L.R (PT.1231) 641 at 680 states:
“Legal practice is a very serious business that is to be undertaken by serious minded practitioners particularly as both the legally trained minds and those not so trained always learn from our examples. We therefore owe the legal profession the duty to maintain the very high standards required in the practice of the profession in this country.”
The legal profession all over the world have legal ethics that governs the conduct of legal practitioners, their duties to the Court, to the society, to their colleagues, and so on.
Being a profession that is of great importance to the society, the legal profession must keep up with societal changes, technological innovations and emerging trends. These can be done by reviewing the Code of Conduct governing legal practitioners when necessary, that way it won’t seem outdated, and it will conform with the social system.
The Rules of Professional Conduct 2007
The ethics of the legal profession in Nigeria has been codified in the Rules of Professional Conduct 2007 (RPC). This states out how legal practitioners should carry out their legal duties.
The RPC enacted in 2007 can be said to be a welcome development to the then members of the legal profession since they were subjected to a much more strict principles. In modern times however, the RPC no longer reflect the realities of the legal profession as some of it provisions have been influenced by the impact of technological innovations thereby making it archaic. In order to cater for the shift in time, some of the provisions of the RPC needs to be amended.
The Provisions of Section E of the RPC and the Impact of Technology and Social Media
Section E of RPC (Improper Attraction of Business) sets out the rules on the conduct of attracting legal business.
Rule 39 of the RPC deals with Advertising and Soliciting. Rule 39(1) provides:
Subject to paragraph (2) and (3) of this rule a lawyer may engage in any advertising or promotion in connection with his practice of the law, provided:
(a) It is fair and proper in all the circumstances
(b) It complies with the provisions of these Rules.
This appears to be an approval of advertising of the legal business as long as certain conditions are complied with. This is not the case as Rule 39(2) and (3) have clearly stated the boundaries within which such advertising must remain.
The legal profession is not immune to the influence of technology, and regardless of how conservative it is, technology has overtime found it way into the legal profession. As a result of the impact of technology, many countries have changed their Code of Conduct for legal practitioners especially as it relates to the rules of advertising and soliciting for legal business. The use of technology in providing virtual services and the use of Artificial Intelligence has affected the manner in which legal services are promoted.
Advertising to Prospective Clients
Rule 39 (2) (c) and (d) of the RPC provides:
A lawyer shall not engage or be involved in any advertising or promotion of his practice of the law which
(c) makes comparison with or criticizes other lawyers or other professions or professionals;
(d) Includes statement about the quality of the lawyer’s work, the size of success of his practice or his success rates
The above provisions can be complied with by traditional litigators. However, this is almost impossible for the modern day legal practitioners, commercial lawyers especially.
Some prospective clients seek for details from law firms or legal practitioners, what differentiate such law firm or legal practitioner, how they can perform better, and also what benefits the clients stands to gain from working with such law firm or legal practitioner. Releasing of the details required by those clients goes against the provisions of Rule 39 (2) (c) and (d) which prohibits comparison and statement about the lawyer’s quality of work.
The use of Website by Legal Practitioners
The RPC made mention of the use of note-papers, envelopes, and visiting cards, signs and notices, the publishing of books and articles, and email address. It however, did not include the use of website. Most law firms and legal practitioners both within and outside Nigeria now have an online presence through their websites where they promote their legal services to members of the public. Most clients will not even think of working with lawyers or law firms without websites.
The use of Social Media in Promoting Legal Services
Rule 39 (3) (a) states that a lawyer shall not solicit professional employment either directly or indirectly
(a) by circulars, handbills, advertisement, through touts or by personal communication or interview.
The use of social media by professionals to advertise their professional expertise is now a normal thing to engage in. Infact, not having a professional social media platform/s makes one look unserious and unprofessional. Members of the legal profession are also not excluded.
Having a standard social media platform like LinkedIn can promote people and assist them in achieving their aims. LinkedIn profiles now serves as online CV as people advertise their potentials and what they can offer to their targeted audience. Law firms are also not left behind as they also operate different social media handles.
The use of social media and websites by lawyers and law firms in Nigeria may not necessarily be against the RPC, the issue on ground is that it is almost impossible to use them without violating the provisions of the RPC.
Conclusion
The legal profession in Nigeria has not been able to embrace the standards required of the modern day legal profession. Nevertheless, legal practitioners in Nigeria have been influenced by technology and this has changed the way they perform their legal activities.
The RPC is an analog rule in a digital age as it does not tally with societal and technological changes. Although the RPC has been enacted to keep lawyers in check, it provisions will only be effective if it conforms with the current situations of legal practitioners.
Hence, amending the RPC to cater for the changes that are taking place in the legal profession is necessary. This will assist lawyers stay abreast while carrying out their legal duties. It will also promote the integrity of the Nigerian legal profession and assist it in keeping up with international standards.

Halima Ummi Ismail is a Law Student from Bayero University, Kano.
She can be contacted via email: ismailhalima99@gmail.com

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RAPE IN BOYFRIEND/GIRLFRIEND RELATIONSHIP, RAPE IN MARRIAGE, CONSENT AND MISCONCEPTION OF CONSENT by Badmus Uthman O.

MY COLUMN.

TOPIC: RAPE IN BOYFRIEND/GIRLFRIEND RELATIONSHIP, RAPE IN MARRIAGE, CONSET AND MISCONCEPTION OF CONSENT BY BADMUS UTHMAN O.

INTRODUCTORY PART.

Rape is a criminal offence under the Nigerian law, which is statutorily defined, and encapsulated with it elements under section 282 (1) of the penal code, and section 357 of the criminal code.

Rape is simply defined as intentional sexual intercourse with a girl or woman without her consent. The offence of rape against a person will not stand if there is agreement, and when full consent is obtained from a girl or woman by a man or boy to have intercourse with her. And to the extent of it expressions, the two sections provide for it elements  as follows ;

(1) Against her will
(2) Without her consent,
(3) With her consent but obtained by force or intimidation or by deception,
(4) With or without her consent but underage, I.e under the age of 14 or of unsound mind, and
(5) With her consent but under false representation. “A situation where he makes the woman to believe that he is her husband .

The main objective of the law is to regulate every activity of human beings in general, and to provide limitations, protections and also obligations for each aspect of human life. However, despite it struggle to capture every aspect, there are still some area where the provisions of the law is silent. Citing a case of study, the relationship which is commonly referred to as “girlfriend/boyfriend”, concubinage, and courtship are within the blind spot of the law and this eventually leaves these relationships unrecognized, uncovered, and unprotected by the law.

CAN A MAN OR BOY RAPE HIS GIRLFRIEND?, AND ALSO CAN RAPE OCCUR IN A LEGAL MARRIAGE?. EITHER CUSTOMARY OR STATUTORY MARRIAGE.

The first issue for determination is to determine whether or not there is a circumstance(s) where a boy or man can be found guilty of the offence of rape if he has carnal knowledge of his girlfriend, concubinage or courtship without her consent, by deception or by force. Despite being that they are both in a romantic relationship, whether publicly known or otherwise.

As cited and stated earlier in the fourth paragraph of this piece, the said relationships which were referred to as (boyfriend/girlfriend, concubinage or courtship) are not recognized by the law and every activity conducted under it is not guided by the law as well. By this so, a boyfriend doesn’t in anyway or manner under the authority of the existing Nigerian law(s) has any right over his girlfriend to give consent to sexual intercourse whether for once or all the time, this simply implies that any form of consent that may come to effectiveness in these relationships must always be discretional, it simply implies that the girl or woman in question must give consent willingly.

Furtherance, a girlfriend can neither be taken for granted nor could her consent be assumed or dispensed, just because of a mere fact that the girl or woman is a girlfriend or in a courtship with a boy or man.

The position of the law is clear, precise and concise as regards to this legal matter, the provision of the law is that, a charge of the offence of rape against an alleged boyfriend will sustain, and stand if he has carnal knowledge (sex) of his girlfriend “without her consent, against her will, by force or deception, and with consent but the girl in question is under-age”. Regardless of whether they are both in a mutual relationship or not.

In the case of  “THE STATE V IDOWU YESUFU (1979) 1 FNLR 174.”  the court held that  “THE RELATIONSHIP COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS “GIRLFRIEND/BOYFRIEND” OR CONCUBINAGE OR COURTSHIP OF A WOMAN BY A MAN DOES NOT IN LAW CONFER A RIGHT ON THE MAN TO HAVE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE WITH THE WOMAN…”,.

The honourable court further stated that”…THE WOMAN (Girlfriend) CANNOT BE TAKEN FOR GRANTED NOR COULD HER CONSENT BE ASSUMED OR BE DISPENSED WITH , IF THE MAN HAS TO HAVE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE WITH HER. This further clearly stated that an offence of rape will substantiate against a boyfriend if he has sexual intercourse with his girlfriend without considering her consent or take her consent for granted.

However, as to whether or not a husband can rape his legally married wife.

Simply, any form of sexual intercourse between a husband and his wife cannot in any form constitute the offence of rape, because marriage itself is consent to sexual intercourse.

This assertion received a judicial blessing in the case of R v Miller (1954) 2 QB 282 where the court held that “THAT THE APPELLANT COULD NOT BE GUILTY OF RAPE, AS THE IMPLIED CONSENT OF A WIFE TO HAVE INTERCOURSE WITH HER HUSBAND COULD ONLY BE REVOKED BY COURT ORDER OR A BINDING SEPARATION AGREEMENT. IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES, THIS CONSENT HAD NOT BEEN REVOKED. NEVERTHELESS, A HUSBAND WAS NOT ENTITLED TO USE FORCE OR VIOLENCE FOR THE PURPOSES OF EXERCISING HIS RIGHT TO INTERCOURSE; TO DO SO WOULD AMOUNT TO AN ASSAULT.

The Honourable court has  made it clear that “Use of force by a man to exercise his right to intercourse, would only amount to assault and not to rape.

MISCONCEPTION OF CONSENT,  VITATION OF CONSENT AND WHEN IS CONSENT NOT VITATED.

In addition, if eventually a girlfriend doesn’t actually give consent, but the boyfriend mistaken that she consented, he would be excused FROM criminal liability. Meanwhile, the evidential liability will be solely rested on him (that he must show, and satisfactorily prove that there was actually a mistake). however, it will be very difficult to prove that there was actually misconception considering the combined effect of section 37 and 39 of the penal code. By virtue of these two sections, consent will be invalidated if it is obtained without due care and attention, and if consent is given for fear of being injured, misconception of fact, and when the girl doesn’t understand the nature of what she give consent to or by a person who is under fourteen years of age.

More so, the law has made a vivid, clear, otherwise obvious distinction between submission, and consent. Although every consent involves submission, but a mere submission is not consent because a victim might submit herself in fear of the use of force on her, or being harm as the case maybe. See also (R v. Olugboja (1982) QB 320.

Nevertheless, it is not rape, and consent is not vitated if the lady understands the nature of the act, but only expected that she would be paid, since she is aware of the nature of the act and her consent wasn’t obtained through force or intimidation but only that the man or boy refused to pay for the service rendered. Then, it is not rape. Moreso, the offence of rape cannot surface or stand if the man promise her gifts, and later renounce it. See also R v. Linekar (1995) 3 ALL ER 69.

Consequently, consent would be generally vitiated if a guy induce a girl with alcohol, or any other intoxicating substance to such an extent that the girl is unable to give informed consent. Informed consent in the sense that, the girl or woman must be aware of the nature of the act, and  she must be in her right senses. See also R v. Wood (1982) 74 Cr App R 312.

Lastly, sexual intercourse between a man or boy and woman or girl engaging in a romantic relationship is a necessity, the law is not trying to regulate this mutual activity.

However, the provisions of the law is very strict about consent, because the right of the other gender must also be protected as their consent to this activity is mostly taken for granted, dispensed and obtained under undue care. Also, by virtue of the existing law, an underage girl does not have the ability to give consent to intercourse whether or not she is in a romantic relationship with a boy or man.

REFERENCES;
SECTION 282 (1) OF THE PENAL CODE.
SECTION 357 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE.
SECTION 37 AND 39 OF THE PENAL CODE.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF NIGERIAN CRIMINAL LAW, BY ESA O. ONOJA.
THE STATE V IDOWU YESUFU (1979) 1 FNLR 174.
R V MILLER (1954) 2 QB 282.
R V OLUGBOJA (1982) QB 320.
R v. LINEAR (1995) 3 ALL ER 69.
R v. WOOD (1982) 74 CR APP R 312.

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An Assessment of Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria By Bello Abdulsobur Olalekan.

An Assessment of Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria.

Local Government is the third tiers of government. As the name implies,local government serves as an avenue to bring government to the grassroots. Be it as it may, According to orewa and Adewumi (1992:20) defines local government as: A system of local communities and towns which are organised to maintain law and order; provide some limited range of social services and co-operation of the inhabitants in joint endeavours toward the improvements of their conditions of living…..(1992:20). Appadorai (1975:287); Local government is government by he popularly elected bodies charged with administrative and executive duties in matters concerning the inhabitants of a
particular place or district.
There is no gainsaying that Local government is best practice in a democratic system of government than military because of the structure and nature of it’s constitutional responsibilities. This assertion can be corroborated by taking into cognizance, the popular definition of democracy coined from the word of Abraham Lincoln who sees democracy as “Government of the people, by the people, and for the people”. However, this is not to say that the military system of government does not recognise the Local Government as the third tier of government but it’s duties and responsibilities is more spelt out in civil- democratic system..

What is then Autonomy?
According to Wikipedia, Autonomy is the right or condition of self government..However Local government Autonomy connotes the process where the third tier of government is allowed to run its activities with little or no interference from the Federal or state government. Hence, the duties and functions of Local Government are explicitly and scrutiny spells out in the 4th schedule of the 1999 constitution .

At this juncture, the critical and fundamental question that might arise from the foregoing discussion is that,
does local government actually reserve the Autonomy to govern itself without undue interference from the other tiers of government (federal and/or state )?

This question arises as a result of the fact that over the years, local government in Nigeria have not been to stand the test of time in bringing government to the grassroots. It is debatable to say that the power and autonomy of local government are only spelt out in papper but in reality, they can be likened to a toothless bulldog. This is because the Autonomy that is expected to be enjoyed by this level of government in other to see to the welfare and well-being of the people at the grassroots have been hijacked by the state government in the way and manner stated below;

Financial Control; by the virtue of section 162 (5,6,7 & 8) of the 1999 constitution, it is categorically stated that allocation should be sent down to local government from RMAFC and which it is mostly determined by the Federal government. In most cases, allocations at times are sent down to state government then later share to the local government which means the direct allocation system form is sweept under the carpet. In this regard, government either the state or federal might seize or hijack the allocation meant for a certain local government if as a result that the head of the local government either does not come from same political parties which the governor of president come from or goes contrary to the directives of his boss.Moreover, there might be power tussle between State and Chairman as far as Autonomy is concerned and this may cause problem for local government to survive onl the limited resources it has

Local government could bow to pressure from the state or federal government as a result of unrecognised power to determine who to mount the leadership position of the Latter; It has become custom and tradition that aspirants use to be an errand boy because of a position. As a result of this, it doesn’t save the Autonomy of the local government neither recognises the interest of the citizens to elect their choices

It’s furthermore noted that problems facing local government could serve as an ecombrances, or challenges that make Autonomy of the local government in doubt. Such problems are

1.Limited resources which the local government could have ; If not all, most of the local government generate low IGR from it’s eviron and as a result of this, local government might as result of this seek help from the state to finance projects or to pay for salaries and allowances of its workers..so this makes local government bow to pressure or dance to whatever tunes that might come from its boss

2.Administrative Inefficiency. one of the challenges facing Local governments in Nigeria is inability to run effectively and efficiently arising from lack of administrative staff, low level of educational qualifications of staff, poor reminiration, autocratic leadership, poor working atmosphere among others. For local government to be able to provide governance at the grassroots level, there is need for government at the higher level to address the points raised above.

3.Power Usurpation: Local government in Nigeria today suffer from power usurpation by the higher level of government or political class. For a local government chairman to be appointed or elected into office, he/she has to be a loyalist to the camp of the ruling party in that state. The constitution provides for election into the chairmanship office at each local government. However, the reverse is the case in most cases as some governors only appoint caretaker committee from the beginning of their administration to the end. This factor has made many local government to be subject of the state government, thereby threatening their autonomy.

4. Corruption:
No doubt, corruption has eaten deep into the nation’s fabric to the extent that it has no second hand value. It a national virus that cut across every sector of the economy. The government at the grassroots too is not left out, the money that is meant for community development is been siphoned by the local administrator for their personal interest. Little wonder corruption is one main reason most state government usually put forward as concrete reason to control local government allocations.

Conclusively, one can deduce from the aforesaid points in lieu of local government autonomy that, if at this time, these aforementioned points are not addressed, the word Autonomy cannot be label to local government as a government that is free to run its activities on its own.

Sources: 1999 Constitution
Wikipedia
English dictionary

Written by Bello Abdulsobur
olalekan a student of Bayero University kano

Olabobo85@gmail.com
08133777266

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THE STORY BEHIND THE CASE OF NAFIU RABIU V THE STATE. A MUST READ!

On Wednesday, May 9, 1979, Nafiu Isyaku Rabiu and his beautiful wife Fatima hosted his three friends to a dinner in the verdant garden of his Dawaki Road, Kano residence. After the sumptuous feast, toasts and clinking glasses, the friends left the “happy” couple “quite alright” at around 11pm.


The following day, Kano awoke to the most celebrated murder case in history. The story was that Nafiu Rabiu, the prima donna of Kano socialites and oldest son of a rich Kano cleric, Sheikh Isyaku Rabiu, had murdered his wife, Fatima. Nafiu Rabiu was in those days notorious for alleged methomania, reckless driving, vanity and hedonistic lifestyle.
In the public court, Nafiu Rabiu was pronounced guilty of killing his wife by pushing her down stairs.

According to some accounts, the then governor of Kano State, Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi, took a vow to send Nafiu Rabiu to the gallows, just as Fatima’s millionaire dad, Tijjani Aliyu Dagazau, undertook to ensure justice for her at all costs.
But to the chagrin of the state, the family of the deceased and the people of Kano who trooped to “Kotun Nafiu” on Court Road, Kano to witness the proceedings, the Supreme Court on November 21, 1980 (exactly 37 years ago yesterday) dismissed the appeal of Kano State government.
In their testimonies, Nafiu Rabiu’s cook and driver gave the account of what transpired in the house on May 10, 1979. The cook said he came to the house in the morning and strangely found the door locked, and when he asked his colleague (the driver), who normally kept the keys to the main building, for the key, he told him was not given the key.

After waiting for a couple of hours, Nafiu Rabiu opened the window and threw the keys to the driver. At 10am,

Nafiu Rabiu re-appeared and asked his cook to open the kitchen door as he had misplaced the keys to the front door. Nafiu later came out holding “soiled blankets and clothes” and asked his driver to put them into the boot of his Peugeot 504. Nafiu then asked the driver to pick his mother in-law in his other car, a Mercedes-Benz saloon, from Kano airport. According to Nafiu’s account, the mother-in-law was due to arrive from Niamey that day.
Nafiu later drove out in his Peugeot 504 and instructed his cook to serve his wife (who according to Nafiu Rabiu’s account was asleep when he left the house) when she woke up. For the first time, Nafiu left the keys to the door leading from the kitchen to the lounge and other parts of the main house with the cook.


Later in the noon, their children (who apparently slept the previous night elsewhere) were driven to the house. With the keys left, the cook opened the inner lounge leading the room to the children. They found their mother dead.

Those who saw Fatima’s body suspected foul play after noticing injuries and signs of strangulation. The state took up the matter, hiring top pathologists to conduct autopsy on her body. The team of the four pathologists who conducted the post-mortem examination was led by Dr. Bansi Badan Tribedi, a senior Consultant Pathologist working as pathologist since 1948 in Calcutta, United Kingdom and Ghana for 14years, and in Nigeria for seven years.

But despite state resources, public interest, the influence of Fatima’s father, the prosecution failed to establish beyond reasonable doubt that Fatima had died as a result of strangulation that led to asphyxia.

Source: DailyNigeria


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Law Student drag LAWSAN,BUK to Union Court, seeks for the suspension of the LAWSAN,BUK Constitution.

BUK Union Court adjourn rulling for application seeking to suspend LAWSAN,BUK Constitution.

Yesterday, the Bayero University Students Union Court resumed its proceedings which was presided by Chief Justice of the Union Court, Justice Rilwan Salihu Saidu alongside Justice Muhammad Wonigi and Justice Fatima Abdullahi.

The first case to be heard was the case of Tahir Balarabe Isah v. Lawsan, Buk & 10 ors.

The counsel to the Plaintiff/Applicant, Muhammad Kumo Esq. announced his appearance alongside Yusuf Emiola Esq.

The defendant/respondent who was represented by Hassan Jeni Esq., Attorney General of LAWSAN BUK announce his appearance alongside Yasir Sadiq Esq., S.A Abdulmudallib Esq., Hamidu Muhammad Esq., Abdullahi Toyin Esq. and Ibrahim Usman Esq.

The applicants informed the court that they were ordered by the Court to join the A.G LAWSAN, BUK and then served them personally which they have done.

So, the Court asked the Respondent whether they’ve truly been served, they said they’ve been served but they’ve not been able to respond to the application. By the rule of Court, they have 7 (seven) days to respond to the application.

The counsels for the applicant/plaintiff also raised an objection urging the court to consider an accelerated justice by allowing the opening and hearing of the case.

The Court after listening to both parties thereafter decided to adjourn the matter to 28th of April 2021.

The second matter that was heard was Barau Saheed Vs President Law Student Association of Nigeria BUK & Anor.

The matter was an Exparte application which was coming to the court for the first time.

The applicant counsel, Yusuf Akanbi Esq. alongside Yusuf Emiola Esq, Habib Lawal Esq., Ibrahim Dakaya Esq. announced his appearance for the Applicants.

After the announcement of appearance by the applicant counsel, the court itself raised an objection challenging the identity of the respondent as addressed by the applicant counsel.

The applicant’s counsel made an oral application to include “BUK Chapter” in the 1st respondent’s name and which was granted by the court

The applicant thereby prayed that the LAWSAN, BUK Constitution should be suspended until after the determination of the case.

The court after hearing the motion exparte adjourned to the 28th of this month for ruling on the Exparte Application.

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JUST IN: Law Student emerges as President in the just concluded Unilorin SUG Elections

At the presidential level, Taofik Waliu Opeyemi aka OMOLUABI who is a 300l Law Student has been declared the winner of today’s election.

OMOLUABI was voted as the President in a virtual voting system conducted by the University of Ilorin Student’s Independent Electoral Commission (UISIEC) led by Commissioner Bacha Shuaib Assayouti.

OMOLUABI emerged victorious after polling 2306 votes to outnumber his closest opponents, Ibitoye Gbenga who polled 1890, followed by Jimoh Toyyib Mayowa with 689 votes.

The students of the University of Ilorin, Today, between the hours of 9.am and 6.pm elected into various offices members of the new leadership of the Students’ Union that will pilot the affairs of the union in the next academic session.

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BUK STUDENTS UNION COURT ANNOUNCES THE OPENING OF THE UNION COURT’S REGISTRY.

The Bayero University Kano Students Union Court has released the opening of the Union Court’s registry via a public notice sighted by LawPedia.

The above mentioned public notice the provides as follows:

OFFICIAL RELEASE!

NOTICE OF OPENING OF THE UNION COURT’S REGISTRY

This is to inform the general public that the registry of the students’ union court is now open for the filling of process(s) and addressing of all other matters incidental.

TAKE NOTICE that all the student legal practitioners that are yet to obtain their Roll call numbers need to start doing so as from the date of release of this circular.

TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that student legal practitioners are also enjoined while appearing to always dress neatly and corporately (with bib, at least, and not neck tie).

Lastly, the members of the judiciary who would be having business with the court are also generously advised to adhere strictly with the Covid-19 protocol as issued by the NCDC.

Thanks, and welcome back to the new semester!

Signed :

T. O. Amusan, Esq.

Chief Registrar.

Student’s union court.

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